The Table of Contents for this section is available.
The work covered by this section consists of the construction of portland cement concrete shoulders in accordance with these specifications and with the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the plans.
All materials shall meet the requirements of Division 10 shown below:
Portland cement concrete Section 1000
Curing agents Section 1026
Joint filler Article 1028-1
Low modulus silicone sealant Article 1028-4
Water Article 1024-4
Dowels and Tie bars Article 1070-6
720-3 COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE.
The composition of the concrete shall be in accordance with Section 1000.
The flexural strength of concrete shoulders will be tested for acceptance on a lot by lot basis. For concrete shoulders, a lot shall consist of 7,500 square yards placed within 14 calendar days.
When operational conditions, such as an new mix design, lengthy interruptions in paving, or project completion, cause a lot to be terminated with less than the specified lot size, the procedures described in Subarticle 70015(B)2 will be used to determine lot size.
All equipment used in the production and placement of the concrete shoulders shall be in accordance with Section 700 and Section 1000.
The concrete shoulders shall be placed only in the presence of an authorized representative of the Engineer. Construction of concrete shoulders shall be in accordance with Section 700.
The shoulder shall be placed full width in a single operation.
Finishing shall be accomplished with a combination of equipment approved by the Engineer. Hand finishing will be permitted when the use of mechanical finishing equipment is impractical.
The final finishing of the shoulder surface shall be accomplished by burlap dragging or brooming, or other acceptable methods which will produce a similar surface texture acceptable to the Engineer.
While the concrete shoulder is still plastic, the Contractor shall construct rumble strips to conform to the spacing and dimensions shown in the plans.
All joints shall be constructed and sealed in accordance with Article 70011 and 70012 except as provided in this article. All joints in the concrete shoulder shall be sawed and sealed with joint sealer as shown in the plans.
Dowels will not be required at the transverse joints in the concrete shoulder. Tie bars shall be required between the concrete pavement and the concrete shoulder.
The transverse joints in the concrete shoulder shall match the transverse joints in the adjacent concrete pavement. The rumble strips shall be spaced so that they are a minimum of 3 feet from the transverse joint.
The thickness of the shoulder will be determined by measurement of cores tested in accordance with AASHTO T148 as modified by the Department. Copies of the modified test procedures are available upon request from the Construction Unit.
A lot for thickness acceptance shall be the same as designated in concrete strength testing.
Two cores shall be taken within each lot at random locations as determined by the Engineer. The Contractor shall core each location in the presence of the Engineer. The core diameter shall be not less than 4 inches. Cores shall be delivered to the Engineer for measurement.
Where the shoulder thickness is deficient by more than 1/2 inch, the shoulder will be considered as unsatisfactory and the provisions of Article 1053 will apply. When the shoulder thickness is more than 1/2 inch thicker than required, the thickness will be considered as the required thickness plus 1/2 inch. Because the required thickness for the shoulder varies, each core will be measured and compared to the required thickness for the shoulder at the location of the core. The deviation of the measured core thickness from the required thickness will be recorded as a plus or minus value for each core. The average lot deviation in thickness shall be the arithmetical average of all deviations in thickness for all satisfactory shoulders over the lot, as determined above.
The quantity of concrete shoulders to be paid for will be the actual number of square yards of shoulders which have been completed and accepted. In measuring this quantity, the width of the shoulders will be as called for on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The length will be the actual length constructed, measured along the surface of the shoulders at the centerline of each shoulder.
(A) General:
The quantity of concrete shoulder, measured as provided for in Article 72010, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for "Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to ____ Inch Pavement," or if applicable, at such contract unit prices adjusted in accordance with the provisions shown below.
(B) Shoulder Deficient in Thickness:
If the average lot deviation in thickness of the shoulder, as determined in Article 7209 is 1/4 inch or less deficient (minus value), no reduction in payment will be made for thickness deficiency. If the average deviation is deficient by more than 1/4 inch a reduction in payment will be made. The amount of reduction will be determined by multiplying the ratio of the average deviation in thickness to average shoulder thickness (adjacent pavement thickness minus 1.5 inches) times the contract unit price times the total square yards of shoulder included in the determination of the average deviation in thickness. The average deviation in thickness will exclude any areas of shoulder found to be deficient in thickness by more than 1/2 inch.
When the shoulder is deficient in thickness by more than 1/2 inch, the Engineer will determine if the shoulder can be left in place or shall be removed and replaced. Where the Engineer determines the shoulder can be left in place, the shoulder will be accepted at a reduced unit price in accordance with Article 1053. Where the shoulder deficient by more than 1/2 inch is removed and replaced, the replacement shoulder will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for "Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to ____ Inch Pavement," which price and payment will be full compensation for all work or removal.
(C) Concrete Shoulder Varying In Flexural Strength:
The quantities of concrete shoulder which varies from the flexural strength requirements of Table 7101 for a pay factor level of 1.00 will be paid for at an adjusted contract unit price per square yard for "Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to ____ Inch Pavement," completed in place and accepted. The adjusted contract unit price will be determined by multiplying the contract unit price by the pay factor level shown in Table 7101 or (See Standard Special Provisions) the average strength of concrete in each lot and will be applicable to the total square yards of concrete in each lot.
The lower acceptance limit is the minimum average 14 day flexural strength which must be obtained for a particular pay factor level.
Any concrete which fails to attain the lower acceptance limit for a pay factor level of 0.70 and is permitted to remain in place will be accepted at a reduced unit price based on a pay factor level of 0.50.
Where concrete shoulder deficient in strength is removed and replaced, the replacement pavement, if acceptable, will be paid for at the contract unit price for "Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to ____ Inch Pavement," which price and payment will be full compensation for all work of placement, removal, and replacement.
(D) Multiple Adjustments in Price:
The Engineer will determine where concrete shoulder found deficient in both thickness and strength may be permitted to remain in place. Shoulder permitted to remain in place will be paid for at a reduced price determined by successively multiplying the contract price by the appropriate factor indicated for each deficiency.
(E) Compensation:
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work covered by this section including but not limited to designing the mix; furnishing and placing the concrete shoulders; furnishing all admixtures and additives; the construction of all joints and rumble strips and furnishing all joint materials; curing the shoulder and furnishing all curing materials; coring and patching core holes; all actions necessary to prevent or to repair cracking; and removal and replacement of any unsatisfactory shoulder.
(F) Pay Items:
Payment will be made under:
Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to ____ Inch Pavement Square Yard