The Table of Contents for this section is available.
The work covered by this section consists of the construction of portland cement concrete pavement in accordance with these specifications and with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on the plans.
All materials shall meet the requirements of Division 10 shown below:
Portland cement concrete........... ................Section 1000
Curing agents Section 1026
Joint filler Article 1028-1
Low modulus silicone sealant Article 1028-4
Water Article 1024-4
Dowels and tie bars Article 1070-6
710-3 COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE.
The composition of the concrete shall be in accordance with Section 1000.
Concrete pavement shall be tested for acceptance with respect to flexural strength on a lot by lot basis in accordance with the provisions of Article 70015 and the following requirements.
For mainline pavement, a lot shall consist of 5,333.3 square yards (2,000 linear feet for a 24 foot width) placed within 14 calendar days. Each lot will be divided into 4 equal sublots and from each sublot a set to two 6"x6"x20" beams will be made from a randomly selected batch of concrete. The average flexural strength of the 2 beams in each sublot is considered one test. The pay factor for each lot will be based on the average of the test results of the 4 tests.
All pavement in each ramp, including tapers, shall be combined to form a lot. The lot size shall not exceed 4,000 square yards with no more than 1,000 square yards in each sublot. A set of 2 beams will be made from a randomly selected batch from each sublot. There shall be at least 3 sublots in each ramp even if partial sublots are required. If at least 3 sublots or partial sublots have been completed, the lot size will be considered as the actual number of square yards placed even if the full lot has not been completed. Acceptance will then be made based upon the average test results for the completed sublot test results.
Small areas of pavement, such as intersections, entrances, crossovers, or other irregular areas, will be combined to form a lot consisting of 4,000 square yards of pavement. One set of beams (2) shall be made from a randomly selected batch of concrete placed in each 1,000 square yards or fractional sublot. If at least 3 sublots have been tests, but the full lot has not been completed, the lot size will be considered as the number of square yards placed and the lot will be accepted on the basis of the average result of the tests made. If less than 3 sublots have been tested, the square yards of pavement placed and the test results will be combined with the most recently completed lot of this type of pavement and acceptance of the combined total square yards will be based on the average of all test results in the revised lot.
Concrete pavement shall be constructed in accordance with Section 700.
Concrete shall be placed in 2 lane minimum widths in a single operation except as follows:
1. Where the total number of lanes is an odd number, one of the lanes may be placed in a separate operation.
2. Areas such as ramps or auxiliary lanes where the total width is less than 2 lanes.
Finishing shall be accomplished with a combination of equipment approved by the Engineer. The concrete shall be screeded and float finished to the required cross section by an approved float that minimizes or eliminates hand finishing. Normally, hand finishing will not be permitted except under the following conditions:
1. Narrow widths, or irregular areas, where operation of mechanical equipment is impractical.
2. In the event of breakdown of mechanical equipment, hand methods may be used to finish only that concrete deposited on the base when the breakdown occurred.
3. Abnormal circumstances of short duration subject to the approval of the Engineer.
The final finish shall produce a pavement surface that is true to grade and uniform in appearance and free of irregular, rough, or porous areas.
Following the finishing of the pavement by the screed and float and the checking with the straightedges, the surface of the pavement shall be further finished by burlap dragging, or other acceptable method which will produce a uniform surface texture acceptable to the Engineer. The burlap drag shall be operated in a longitudinal direction.
The final surface finish of all main travelways, auxiliary lanes, and ramps shall be produced by mechanical equipment for grooving plastic concrete which utilizes spring steel tines. Hand finishing may be permitted by the Engineer when the use of mechanical equipment is impracticable. The mechanical equipment shall produce transverse grooves that are spaced at random intervals of 1/2", 5/8", or 3/4" center to center. Adjacent grooving shall not be overlapped. The grooves in the hardened surface shall be 0.08 inches to 0.12 inches in width and 0.15 inches to 0.25 inches in depth.
After final finishing, hand finishing may be required on the edges of pavement and/or joints whenever irregularities in surface texture or alignment occur. Care should be taken in hand finishing pavement edges in order to avoid ridges or high places which will prevent water from draining out of the transverse grooves.
The use of excessive water during the finishing operations will not be permitted.
Acceptance testing of the longitudinal profile of the finished pavement surface shall be performed by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer in accordance with these provisions. A Rainhart Profilograph (Model 1, No. 860)
shall be furnished and operated by the Contractor to determine and record the longitudinal profile on a continuous graph (Profilogram) for acceptance testing of the pavement. Profiles shall be taken the day after the pavement has been placed except where impractical, but in no event later than 72 hours following placement of the pavement.
The Profilograph shall be towed, pushed manually, or otherwise moved over the pavement at a speed not exceeding 2 miles per hour. The propulsion vehicle shall have a gross weight not exceeding 1,000 pounds and shall have been approved by the Engineer. Profiles shall be taken with the recording wheel parallel to and approximately 3.5 ft. inside the two outer edges of the travel lanes and at the location of each longitudinal joint. Profiles will be taken over the entire length of through lane and ramp pavement exclusive of structures and approach slabs. Additional profiles shall be taken only to define the limits of an out-of-tolerance surface variation. Upon completion of each day's testing, the Profilograms shall be submitted to the Engineer for analysis and will be retained by the Engineer.
At the beginning and end of each day's testing operations, and at such other times as determined necessary by the Engineer, the Profilograph shall be operated over a calibration strip so that correct operation of the Profilograph can be verified by the Engineer. The calibration strip shall be a section of pavement selected by the Engineer. Obstructions of known dimensions shall be furnished by the Contractor and temporarily installed by him in the path of the Profilograph. The Profilograph shall be operated by the Contractor in the same manner as it is operated over pavement outside of the calibration strip.
The Profilogram shall be plotted at a horizontal scale of 25 feet per inch with the vertical scale plotted at a true scale. Station numbers and reference lines shall be recorded on the Profilograms, and distances between reference locations shall not exceed 200 feet.
The profile index will be determined by the Engineer in accordance with the procedure titled "Determination of Profile Index". Copies of this procedure can be obtained from the Construction Unit.
The completed concrete pavement surface shall have a profile index (PI) along any line tested not exceeding 4 inches per mile, as determined with a 0.20 inch blanking band, over any 600 foot section of pavement. Individual deviations shall not exceed 0.3 inches over any 25 foot length of the line tested. In the event the above surface requirements are not met, acceptance will be made in accordance with Article 1053.
Membrane curing compound damaged during acceptance testing operations shall be promptly repaired by the Contractor.
In the event the Contractor does not produce a pavement surface that meets the requirements of this article, the Engineer may suspend the Contractor's operations until such time as the Contractor satisfies the Engineer, by making necessary adjustments to equipment, methods, or personnel, that he can produce a pavement surface that will meet these surface requirements.
The use of excessive grinding, as determined by the Engineer, to meet these requirements will not be permitted.
The Contractor shall mark the pavement at locations as shown on the plans with station numbers printed in the concrete. Marking shall be made by metal dies between 4 inches and 6 inches high having a beveled face which shall be pressed in the plastic concrete.
At locations where shoulder drain outlets are placed, the Contractor shall mark the edge of pavement nearest the outlet to indicate the presence of the outlet. The mark shall consist of the letters "OL" and shall be made by metal dies between 4 inches and 6 inches high having a beveled face which shall be pressed into the plastic concrete.
A lot for the thickness acceptance shall be the same as designated in concrete strength acceptance testing.
For the purpose of establishing an adjusted unit price, if appropriate, for mainline pavement, two cores shall be taken from each lot at random locations determined by the Engineer.
Other areas such as intersections, entrances, crossovers, ramps, etc. will each be considered as one lot and the thickness of each of these lots will be determined separately. Small irregular areas may be included as part of another lot. One core shall be taken for each 1,000 square yards of pavement or fraction thereof in the lot.
When the measurement of the core from a lot is not deficient more than 0.2 inch from the plan thickness, full payment will be made. When such measurement is deficient more than 0.2 inch and not more than 1.0 inch from the plan thickness, 2 additional cores at intervals not less than 300 feet shall be taken and the average of the 3 cores determined. If the average measurement of these 3 cores is not deficient more than 0.2 inch from the plan thickness, full payment will be made. If the average measurement of the 3 cores is deficient more than 0.2 inch but not more than 1.0 inch from the plan thickness, an adjusted unit price provided in Article 71012 will be paid for the lot represented.
In calculating the average thickness of the pavement, measurements which are in excess of the specified thickness by more than 0.2 inch will be considered as the plan thickness plus 0.2 inch, and measurements which are less than the plan thickness by more than 1.0 inch will not be included in the average.
When the measurement of any core is less than the plan thickness by more than 1.0 inch, the actual thickness of the pavement in this area will be determined by taking additional cores at not less than 10 foot intervals parallel to the center line in each direction from the affected location until in each direction a core is found which is not deficient my more than 1.0 inch. Areas found deficient in thickness by more than 1.0 inch will be evaluated by the Engineer, and if in his judgment the deficient areas warrant removal they shall be removed and replaced with concrete of the thickness shown on the plans. Exploratory cores for deficient thickness will not be used in averages for adjusted unit price. All core holes shall be patched by the Contractor, within 72 hours of taking the core, using a concrete mixture compatible with the pavement concrete.
The quantity of Portland cement concrete pavement to be paid for will be the actual number of square yards of concrete pavement which has been completed and accepted. In measuring this quantity, the width of the pavement will be as called for on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. The length will be the actual length constructed, measured along the surface of the pavement at the centerline.
Separate measurement will be made of pavement which is deficient in average thickness by more than 0.2 inch and of pavement which is deficient in flexural strength. Separate measurement will also be made of pavement which meets the flexural strength requirements for a pay factor level of 1.05, as shown in Table 7101 of Article 71011.
(A) General:
The quantities of Portland cement concrete pavement, measured as provided in Article 71010, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through Lanes," "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Ramps" or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous," or if applicable, at such contract unit prices adjusted in accordance with the provisions shown below. No unit price adjustments on lots will be made until a final determination of the lot strength and depth is made. Pavement will be classified as through lane, ramp, or miscellaneous pavement in accordance with the classification shown on the plans.
Payment for all work of surface testing will be made at the contract lump sum price for "Surface Testing Concrete Pavement". Partial payments for surface testing will be proportional to the percentage of pavement which has been surface tested at the time the partial estimate has been prepared.
(B) Pavement Deficient In Thickness:
The quantities of Portland cement concrete pavement which are deficient in average thickness by more than 0.2 inch but not deficient by more than 1.0 inch, measured as provided in Article 71010, will be paid for at an adjusted contract unit price per square yard for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through Lanes, " or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Ramps", or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous," completed in place and accepted. The adjusted contract unit price will be as follows:
Deficiency, Inches % of Price Allowed
0.00 to 0.20 100
0.21 to 0.30 80
0.31 to 0.40 72
0.41 to 0.50 68
0.51 to 0.75 57
0.76 to 1.00 50
When pavement is deficient in thickness by more than 1.0 inch, the Engineer will determine if the pavement can be left in place or shall be removed and replaced.
Where the Engineer determines that pavement deficient in thickness by more than 1.0 inch can be left in place, he will accept the pavement at a reduced unit price in accordance with Article 1053.
Where pavement deficient by more than 1.0 inch is removed and replaced, the replacement pavement will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through Lanes," or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Ramps," or "_____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous," which price and payment will be full compensation for all work of placement, removal, restoration of subgrade and base, and replacement.
(C) Concrete Pavement Varying In Flexural Strength:
The quantities of Portland cement concrete pavement which varies
from the flexural strength requirements of Table 7101
for a pay factor level of 1.00, measured as provided in Article 71010,
will be paid for at an adjusted contract unit price per square
yard for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through
Lanes," or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement,
Ramps", or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement,
Miscellaneous," completed in place and accepted. The adjusted
contract unit price will be determined by multiplying the contract
unit price by the pay factor level shown in Table 7101
for the average strength of concrete in each lot and will be applicable
to the total square yards of concrete in each lot.
| PAY | |||||||||
| FACTOR | |||||||||
| LEVEL | |||||||||
NOTE: R is the difference between the high and low test in the lot.
The lower acceptance limit is the minimum average 14 day flexural strength which must be obtained for a particular pay factor level.
Any pavement which fails to attain the lower acceptance limit for a pay factor level of 0.70 and is permitted to remain in place will be accepted at a reduced unit price based on a pay factor level of 0.50 as provided in Article 1053.
Where pavement deficient in strength is removed and replaced, the replacement pavement, if acceptable, will be paid for at the contract unit price for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Ramps", or "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous," which price and payment will be full compensation for all work or placement, removal, restoration of subgrade and base, and replacement.
(D) Multiple Adjustments in Price:
Pavement found deficient in both thickness and strength will be evaluated by the Engineer to determine if it may be permitted to remain in place. Such pavement permitted to remain in place will be paid for at a reduced price determined by successively multiplying the contract price by the appropriate factor indicated for each deficiency.
Pavement found deficient in thickness but which meets the flexural strength requirements for a pay factor level of 1.05 as provided in Table 7101, will be paid for at the adjusted price provided in Subarticle 71011(B) multiplied by 1.05.
(E) Compensation:
Payment at the contract unit prices for "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through Lanes" and "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Ramps" and "____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous" will be full compensation for all work covered by this section, other than surface testing, including but not limited to designing the concrete mix; furnishing and placing concrete; furnishing of all admixtures and additives; the construction of all joints and the furnishing of all joint materials; marking the pavement; curing the pavement and furnishing all curing materials; the furnishing of all concrete necessary for making test beams; coring and patching the pavement; calibrating and checking the operation of any batching equipment; all actions necessary to prevent or to repair cracking; and removal and replacement of defective pavement.
Payment at the contract lump sum price for "Surface Testing Concrete Pavement" will be full compensation for all work of surface testing including but not limited to furnishing, maintaining, and operating the Profilograph and any necessary towing equipment; for furnishing graph paper and any other materials and supplies necessary for performing the surface testing; and for repairing any membrane curing compound damaged during surface testing operations.
(F) Pay Items:
Payment will be made under:
____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Through Lanes Square Yard
____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Ramps Square Yard
____ Inch Portland Cement Concrete Pavement, Miscellaneous Square Yard
Surface Testing Concrete Pavement Lump Sum