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The work covered by this section consists of the excavation of any material whose removal is necessary for the construction of box culverts with floor slabs in accordance with the plans and these specifications or as directed by the Engineer. Excavation shall include the construction and subsequent removal of all necessary bracing, shoring, sheeting, cribbing, and all pumping, bailing, and draining. The work shall also include the placing of suitable excavated material as backfill up to the existing ground line, and the disposal of unsuitable or excess excavated material as directed by the Engineer.
Excavated materials shall not be deposited, nor shall earth dikes or other temporary earth structures be constructed, in rivers, streams, or impoundments or so near to such waters that they will be carried into any river, stream, or impoundment by stream flow or surface runoff. As an exception to the above, confined earth materials in cofferdams for structure foundations will be permitted when approved in writing by the Engineer.
All materials shall meet the requirements of Division 10 shown below:
Subdrain fine aggregate Article 1044-1
Stone, No. 78M Section 1005
Foundation Conditioning Material Section 1016
Prior to starting excavation operations at any structure site, all necessary clearing and grubbing at the site shall have been performed by the Contractor in accordance with Articles 2003 and 2004.
All timber, stumps, and debris shall be disposed of by the Contractor in accordance with Article 2005.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer a sufficient time before beginning the excavation so that measurements may be taken of the undisturbed ground if desired by the Engineer. The existing ground at the culvert site shall not be disturbed without the permission of the Engineer.
Where necessary for safety, the foundation openings shall be shored, braced, or protected by cofferdams in accordance with local and State safety standards. Foundation excavation and related work shall be done in such sequence that no portion of the culvert will be endangered by subsequent operations. Completed portions of a culvert shall be protected from blasting.
Where excavation for foundations or footings is required adjacent to a traveled way, the method of shoring, sheeting, or bracing the foundation opening shall have been approved by the Engineer before beginning the excavation. The Contractor shall submit 5 copies of drawings showing details of his proposed method of excavation protection. The provisions of Subarticle 4105(D) will be applicable to such drawings.
Boulders, vegetative matter, and any other objectionable material shall be removed and disposed of.
After each foundation has been excavated, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer. No concrete shall be placed until the Engineer has approved the depth of the excavation and the character of the foundation material and has given permission to proceed.
Special care shall be taken not to disturb the bottom of the excavation until immediately before placing reinforcing steel and concrete.
414-5 CONDITIONING CULVERT FOUNDATION.
When required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall excavate to the depth directed by the Engineer below the bottom of the barrel or wing footing and replace the excavated material with foundation conditioning materials.
Where a condition is encountered in which the foundation material beneath a portion of the barrel or wing footing is rock or incompressible material, and softer material is beneath the remainder of the barrel or wing footing, the rock material within the neat lines of the barrel or footing shall be excavated to a depth of 12 inches below the bottom of the barrel and footings and the excavated space backfilled with foundation conditioning material.
Foundation conditioning material shall be Class VI, Select Material as defined in Section 1016.
Pumping from the interior of any foundation enclosure shall be done in such a manner as to preclude the possibility of the movement of water over or through any fresh concrete. No pumping will be permitted during the placing of concrete, or for a period of at least 24 hours thereafter, unless it be done from a suitable sump separated from the concrete work by a substantially water-tight wall.
414-7 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL.
Suitable excavated material shall be utilized as backfill. Suitable material that is not required for backfill shall be used in the formation of embankments, subgrades, or shoulders. When so utilized, no additional payment will be made for utilization of the material under other pay items or for stockpiling the material for use under other pay items. The Contractor shall furnish disposal areas for excavated materials determined to be unsuitable by the Engineer and for suitable materials not required for use in connection with other work included in the contract. In no case shall excavated material be placed in a stream or other body of water.
No excavated material shall be deposited at any time so as to endanger the partly finished structure, either by direct pressure or indirectly by overloading banks adjacent to the operations, or in any other manner.
414-8 BACKFILLING AND FILLING.
As soon as practical after the box culvert is completed, the backfill shall be placed and the stream shall be redirected through the culvert.
All material used for backfill shall have been approved by the Engineer and shall be free from large or frozen lumps, wood, or other undesirable material. Where there is not an adequate quantity of suitable backfill material available from culvert excavation, the Contractor will be responsible for providing suitable backfill material and will be compensated for such backfill material as provided for in Subarticle 41411(C).
Any excavated slope adjacent to backfill areas shall be eliminated by stepping or serrating to prevent wedge action.
All portions of the backfill that become a part of roadway typical sections or their foundations shall be compacted in accordance with Subarticle 2354(C). All other portions of the backfill shall be placed in layers not more than 6 inches in depth loose measure and shall be compacted to a density comparable to the adjacent undisturbed material. All excavated spaces not filled with permanent work shall be refilled with earth up to the ground surface existing before the excavation was made.
Backfill or embankment shall not be placed behind the walls of culverts until the top slab is placed and has developed the minimum compressive strength required by Article 42020.
In placing backfill or embankment, the material shall be placed simultaneously insofar as possible to approximately the same elevation on both sides of the culvert. Backfill shall not be carried to an elevation higher than 1 foot above the top of footing or bottom slab until the concrete has developed the minimum required strength for the class of concrete used.
414-9 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE AT WEEP HOLES.
A stone drain consisting of 1 cubic foot of No. 78M stone contained in a bag of porous fabric shall be placed at each weep hole. Subdrain fine aggregate shall be placed beneath, around, and over the stone drain so that the stone drain is covered by a layer of subdrain fine aggregate at least 1 foot thick. A horizontal drain of subdrain fine aggregate at least 1 foot square shall then be placed to connect all stone drains.
When embankment around the structure is to be placed as part of another contract, that portion of the subsurface drainage system described above which is located above existing ground line in such embankment will not be considered part of the work of this section.
(A) General:
No measurement will be made of any work covered by this section except for the work of conditioning culvert foundation.
(B) Conditioning Culvert Foundation:
When conditioning culvert foundation has been performed in accordance with Article 4145, the quantity of conditioning culvert foundation to be paid for will be the number of tons of foundation conditioning material which has been placed within the limits established by the Engineer.
The number of tons of material will be determined by weighing the material in trucks in accordance with the provisions of Article 1067. No deduction will be made for any moisture contained in the material at the time of weighing.
(A) Excavation:
Excavation for box culverts, constructed in accordance with the plans and contract provisions, will be paid for at the contract lump sum price for "Culvert Excavation, Sta. __________". No measurement for payment will be made for this pay item, and no adjustment in the contract lump sum price will be made unless the size, length, elevation, or location of the culvert is revised.
In the event of a revision in the size, length, elevation, or location of the culvert, such revision will be considered an alteration of plans or details of construction in accordance with Article 1043.
(B) Conditioning Culvert Foundation:
The quantity of conditioning culvert foundation, measured as provided in Subarticle 414-10(B), will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for "Foundation Conditioning Material, Box Culvert". Such price and payment will be full compensation for all excavation made below the bottom of the barrel and wing footings in addition to furnishing, hauling, and placing the foundation conditioning material.
(C) Furnishing and Hauling Backfill Material:
Where it has been necessary for the Contractor to provide backfill material from sources other than excavated areas or borrow sources being used in connection with other work included in the contract, payment for furnishing and hauling such backfill material will be made as provided in Article 1047 for extra work. Placing and compacting such backfill material will not be considered as extra work, but will be considered incidental to the work covered by this section.
(D) Compensation:
The above prices and payments will be full compensation for all work covered by this section including but not limited to clearing and grubbing, excavation, blasting, draining, diversion of water, bailing, pumping, bracing, shoring, sheeting, cribbing, cofferdams, conditioning culvert foundation, drawings, backfilling, subsurface drainage, hauling, and disposal of materials.
(E) Pay Items:
Payment will be made under:
Culvert Excavation, Sta. __________ Lump Sum
Foundation Conditioning Material, Box Culvert Ton